{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1792678608291,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"39","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Negative-sense RNA viruses have been widely used as viral vectors for vaccine delivery. However, little is known about coronaviruses as vectors for delivering vaccines. Here, we have developed safe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1\u2013based live attenuated vaccine candidates by combining a mutation (D130A) in the viral nsp16 protein, deletion of the furin cleavage site (dFCS) in the spike protein, deletion of accessory proteins, and\/or modification of the transcription regulatory sequences (mTRS). Subsequently, using rJN.1, rJN.1-D130A-dFCS, and rJN.1-mTRS-D130A-dFCS as the backbones, we generated three recombinant viruses expressing a nonfunctional, soluble, and stabilized prefusion F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSVF). Among them, rJN.1-D130A-dFCS-RSVF virus was sufficiently attenuated and highly immunogenic, providing complete protection against challenge with both JN.1 and RSV in hamsters. However, rJN.1-mTRS-D130A-dFCS-RSVF was poorly immunogenic. Collectively, we demonstrate that attenuated SARS-CoV-2 is an effective viral vector for delivering RSV vaccine, warranting further development as a novel intranasal bivalent vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx7487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T17:58:32Z","timestamp":1758909512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of SARS-CoV-2 as a viral vector: A novel intranasal bivalent vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5374-4732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 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