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IHCS leverages horizontal thermal convection within a capillary to drive sample flow and temperature cycling for nucleic acid amplification, making it suitable for both home use and on-site rapid detection. Capillary action enables swift sample loading, thereby simplifying the overall procedure, and the horizontal thermal convection overcomes the volume limitations inherent in vertical systems. Validation with 130 clinical samples demonstrated that the system successfully detected HBV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza A virus within 40 min, achieving excellent sensitivity (&gt;96%) and specificity (100%). Overall, the IHCS integrates microfluidics, thermal engineering, and optical sensing and offers a paradigm-shifting solution for point-of-care diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx8434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T17:58:27Z","timestamp":1754503107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Integrated horizontal convective PCR system for clinical diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5613-3562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenshang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China."},{"name":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, 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