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We find that children exposed to recommended levels of fluoride in drinking water exhibit modestly better cognition in secondary school, an advantage that is smaller and no longer statistically significant at age\u00a0~60.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz0757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T18:58:54Z","timestamp":1763578734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Childhood fluoride exposure and cognition across the life course"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6079-5122","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John Robert","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3327-0553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gina","family":"Rumore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7909-1608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soobin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2178-0803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Grodsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-7034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chandra","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-7497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Manly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology \u2500 Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5125-8226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adam M.","family":"Brickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology \u2500 Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518774331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"933","article-title":"Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1999","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries. 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