{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:09:28Z","timestamp":1784761768144,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"44","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease defined by hair loss and peribulbar infiltrate of CD8 and CD4 T cells. Prior studies have focused on the role of CD8 T cells in the development of AA. Multiple roles for CD4 T cell help have been demonstrated for support of CD8 T cell responses; however, the role of CD4 T cells in AA remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CD4 T cells from the skin-draining lymph nodes (SDLNs) of AA mice transferred disease to recipient mice. These cells exhibited a T helper type 1 (T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    1) effector transcriptional and phenotypic profile, and their pathogenic activity required endogenous CD8 T cells and host IFN-\u03b3 responsiveness. Targeted deletion of CD4 T cell\u2013mediated production of IFN-\u03b3 abrogated the ability of this cell population to transfer disease. Together, these data provide mechanistic insights into pathways driving AA development, strengthening our understanding of the disease and inviting studies into exploring alternative therapeutic strategies for human patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz2257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:58:57Z","timestamp":1761933537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["T\n                    <sub>H<\/sub>\n                    1 effector CD4 T cells rely on IFN-\u03b3 production to induce alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-7210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."},{"name":"Department of 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M.","family":"Lensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5050-5492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Payton","family":"Kahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-5612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otgonzaya","family":"Ayush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-2678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaowen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana S.","family":"Ortolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-1645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Audrey C.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Shriver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-5747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keith D.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-2802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John T.","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7361-9424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joan M.","family":"Goverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of 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