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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plants carrying a mutation in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    -nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) accumulate high nitric oxide (NO) and exhibit impaired immunity characterized by reduced pathogen-responsive salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and failure to activate normal SA signaling. We show that this reduced SA responsiveness in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gsnor1<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants arises from impaired vascular-associated movement of SA, thereby compromising systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Elevated NO perturbs cellular pH homeostasis, acidifying the apoplast and alkalinizing the cytosol, which likely interferes with phloem-associated SA movement and renders\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gsnor1<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants unresponsive to foliar SA. In contrast, SA supplied via root drench restores SA signaling and SAR in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gsnor1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , likely because sustained xylem delivery bypasses the mutant\u2019s defect in SA entry into the symplast. NO-mediated modulation of pH and its downstream effects on solute and ion transport in mammals suggest a conserved role for NO in regulating transport processes across biological systems. Our study provides previously unknown insights into how spatial NO gradients fine-tune immune signaling in plants and potentially across the organismal scale.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz4776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:00:46Z","timestamp":1780077646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Excess nitric oxide alters cellular pH to restrict salicylic acid movement and systemic immunity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8091-2426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fan","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-8624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huazhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8660-8847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keshun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9199-7652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5215-0420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aardra","family":"Kachroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4176-5096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kachroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. 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