{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:49:25Z","timestamp":1792439365896,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"19","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32430060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32430060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2522021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2522021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFA1107800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1107800"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program","award":["2023477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023477"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Foundation","award":["GZC20231622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20231622"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Segmental airway reconstruction requires tracheal grafts that emulate the hierarchical structure and biochemical functions of native trachea. However, achieving both biomimetic fidelity and efficient vascularization remains challenging. Here, we present a digitally light-processed tissue-engineered trachea featuring anatomically biomimetic C-shaped cartilage rings, alternating fibrous rings, and dorsal fibrous bands, precisely replicating the structural hierarchy of native trachea. To promote rapid neovascularization, we develop a stress-relaxing and degradable alginate-based hydrogel capable of dynamic vascular endothelial growth factor loading and sustained release, thereby facilitating endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Within the fibrous regions, pre-engineered vascular channels are incorporated to guide host vascular ingrowth, resulting in a 2.6-fold increase in neovascular density compared to no-channel scaffolds. This platform integrates spatial control through precise structural design with temporal bioactive signal modulation, enabling synchronized vascularization. When transplanted via end-to-end anastomosis with native tracheae, the vascularized grafts exhibit enhanced survival and functional integration, offering a robust strategy for tracheal tissue engineering and segmental airway reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz9453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T09:53:19Z","timestamp":1778579599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["DLP-bioprinted ultrabiomimetic trachea with spatiotemporal angiogenesis regulation for segmental airway reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-6489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingming","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China."},{"name":"National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9016-5628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bohui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Regeneration and Repair and Reconstruction (Under Preparation), Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Ci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China."},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200430, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2845-2346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingqi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200430, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7961-2121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200333, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3318-4243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Regeneration and Repair and Reconstruction (Under Preparation), Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3264-9835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China."},{"name":"National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2488-2733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangdong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China."},{"name":"National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Regeneration and Repair and Reconstruction (Under Preparation), Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2025.1378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90902-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo4272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2018.0115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328219839193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2017.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt1320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202202181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202004276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2022.213037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg0628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2021.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo900033c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202212830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0214OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03759-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202106755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"3D-bioprinted cell-laden hydrogel with anti- inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities for tracheal cartilage regeneration and restoration","volume":"10","author":"Wang P. L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"P. L. Wang, T. Wang, Y. Xu, N. Song, X. Zhang, 3D-bioprinted cell-laden hydrogel with anti- inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities for tracheal cartilage regeneration and restoration. Int. J. Bioprinting 10, 160\u2013175 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprinting"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe9499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05518-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819844754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00622-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR10341D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905447107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202209476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02384-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0705-821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-20-534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00761-6"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adz9453","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:01:35Z","timestamp":1778695295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adz9453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adz9453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adz9453","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadz9453"}}