{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:51:03Z","timestamp":1792615863572,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"22","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM132128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM132128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chimeric RNAs resulting from intergenic splicing represent a distinct mechanism for transcriptome expansion. To explore the role of this previously unidentified layer of the transcriptome in sex-specific immunity, we analyzed RNA sequencing data from 425 blood samples and identified a female-specific chimeric RNA,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UBA1-CDK16<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which was further validated in more than 1200 blood samples. This chimeric RNA forms via cis-splicing between two adjacent X-linked parental genes,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UBA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CDK16<\/jats:italic>\n                    , despite both being expressed in both sexes. We demonstrated that a female-specific chromatin loop at the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UBA1-CDK16<\/jats:italic>\n                    junction sites facilitates the intergenic splicing. Evolutionary analysis revealed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UBA1-CDK16<\/jats:italic>\n                    became female specific in humans through at least two independent paths. Functional studies suggested that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UBA1-CDK16<\/jats:italic>\n                    is enriched in the myeloid lineage and may regulate myeloid cell development. Notably, its abnormal expression in female patients with COVID-19 correlates with altered neutrophil counts, highlighting its potential role in the disease progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz9784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:00:46Z","timestamp":1780077646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>UBA1-CDK16<\/i>\n                    : A female-specific chimeric RNA emerging through evolution and involved in immune regulation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1739-8895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinrui","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA."},{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s 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