{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:04:11Z","timestamp":1784916251727,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"30","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECTZ191941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECTZ191941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIDACTION 16-1AEQ-10465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIDACTION 16-1AEQ-10465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRM EQU202303016283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRM EQU202303016283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV-1 infection triggers multiple cellular pathways that modulate viral replication and may promote latency. Central to this process is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA into DNA and its integration into host chromatin, both processes being regulated by the cell. Emerging evidence suggests that homologous recombination (HR) proteins, especially RAD51, may influence both pre- and post-integration stages. In this study, we show that HIV-1 induces the rapid formation of RAD51 nuclear foci in a BRCA1\/2-dependent manner, with RAD51 loading onto viral DNA immediately during reverse transcription. Using ChIP, imaging, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that this process enhances viral infectivity and reverse transcription efficiency. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified cellular response that recruits repair factors to viral DNA, regulating reverse transcription and influencing viral DNA fate. This work uncovers a previously unknown role for RAD51 in modulating early HIV-1 replication, providing insights into host-virus interactions and potential therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aea2430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:58:33Z","timestamp":1784915913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BRCA1-RAD51 homologous DNA repair pathway promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9117-0547","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Delphine","family":"Lapaillerie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS\u2013University of Bordeaux, SBM Department, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8547-8107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camille","family":"Tumiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS\u2013University of Bordeaux, SBM Department, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Scoca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Molecular Virology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1463-3965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Maisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Bertinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS\u2013University of Bordeaux, SBM Department, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0345-1427","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marylene","family":"Mougel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIM, CNRS UMR9004\u2013University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, DNA Repair Group, F-44000 Nantes, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4623-0675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Lesbats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS\u2013University of Bordeaux, SBM Department, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Delelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIR2PI Unit, Virologie fondamentale et pharmacologie des pathologies infectieuses, LBPA, ENS Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4416-6136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacques","family":"Dutrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-3164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Nunzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Molecular Virology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1661-7841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincent","family":"Parissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS\u2013University of Bordeaux, SBM Department, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00586-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00316-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-021-00566-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912638116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913754117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.21.9286-9294.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05425-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-017-0363-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2015.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-025-03583-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06914.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00135-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjac060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81847-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01639-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-06-0234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb100428c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2023.129261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202256275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02820-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2021.188597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.18.12930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2815-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01377-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17256-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0735-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c07678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00845-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00166-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00289-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.19434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.060053-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Post-integrational DNA repair of HIV-1 is associated with activation of the DNA-PK and ATM cellular protein kinases and phosphorylation of their targets","volume":"89","author":"Anisenko A. N.","year":"2024","unstructured":"A. N. Anisenko, A. A. Nefedova, I. I. Kireev, M. B. Gottikh, Post-integrational DNA repair of HIV-1 is associated with activation of the DNA-PK and ATM cellular protein kinases and phosphorylation of their targets. Biochemistry 89, 1122\u20131132 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.7.5178-5188.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.8785-8792.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211701200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01737-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/crispr.2020.0022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/crispr.2021.0113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.09.015"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea2430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:58:37Z","timestamp":1784915917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea2430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aea2430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea2430","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaea2430"}}