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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The limited availability of tissue samples from rare tumors poses a major barrier to advances in precise diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic research\u2014challenges exemplified by primary central nervous system diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL). Here, we developed a dual-mode microfluidic immunostaining (Dumi) device, which integrates diagnostic and research workflows into a single, automated platform, reducing tissue section consumption by more than 90%. Using just one to two slides, it enables both regional detection of biomarkers for diagnostic subtyping (\u226416) and construction of multiplex tumor microenvironment (TME) maps. Joint analysis of multiregion diagnostic biomarkers in the TME map indicates that tumor cell subpopulations defined by specific diagnostic biomarkers can actively shape their in situ microenvironmental niche. 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