{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:06:26Z","timestamp":1790622386703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC22K1173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC22K1173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NM0018D0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NM0018D0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000135299\/21\/NL\/GLC\/ov"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000135299\/21\/NL\/GLC\/ov"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In September 2022, NASA\u2019s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft crashed into Dimorphos and demonstrated the kinetic impact method of protecting Earth from asteroids. A fraction of the impulse delivered to Dimorphos was also imparted onto the Didymos system\u2019s barycenter, changing its heliocentric orbit. Here, we present the first-ever measurement of human-caused change in the heliocentric orbit of a celestial body. Thanks to stellar occultation and radar measurements, we estimate that the Didymos system experienced an along-track velocity change of \u221211.7 \u00b1 1.3 micrometers per second. We constrain the heliocentric momentum enhancement factor for DART at 2.0 \u00b1 0.3 and the bulk densities of Didymos and Dimorphos at 2600 \u00b1 140 and 1540 \u00b1 220 kilograms per cubic meter, respectively. Our results demonstrate that targeting the secondary asteroid in binary systems constitutes a possible strategy for kinetic impact deflection, adding to humanity\u2019s planetary defense capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aea4259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:58:34Z","timestamp":1772823514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Direct detection of an asteroid\u2019s heliocentric deflection: The Didymos system after DART"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9265-2230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rahil","family":"Makadia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-6497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven R.","family":"Chesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-1630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Herald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trans Tasman Occultation Alliance &amp; International Occultation Timing Association, Wellington 6011, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-884X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Davide","family":"Farnocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8628-3176","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Chabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-7014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shantanu P.","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9939-9976","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Rivkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4243-0372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Siakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4058-0815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Damya","family":"Souami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRA, CNRS UMR8254, Observatoire de Paris - PSL, Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris Cit\u00e9, CY Cergy Paris Univ., Meudon, 92190, France."},{"name":"Laboratoire Lagrange, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, CNRS, Nice 06300, France."},{"name":"naXys, Department of Mathematics, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-997X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paolo","family":"Tanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lagrange, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, CNRS, Nice 06300, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3667-2229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Tsavdaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3334-6190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kleomenis","family":"Tsiganis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Bouquillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LTE, Observatoire de Paris, Universit\u00e9 PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris 75014, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1398-6302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siegfried","family":"Eggl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL071697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2021.114452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.2.627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ace040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"S. Larson J. Brownlee C. Hergenrother T. Spahr \u201cThe Catalina Sky Survey for NEOs \u201d in Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society (American Astronomical Society 1998) vol. 30 p. 1037."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Kaiser H. Aussel B. E. Burke H. Boesgaard K. Chambers M. R. Chun J. N. Heasley K.-W. Hodapp B. Hunt R. Jedicke D. Jewitt R. Kudritzki G. A. Luppino M. Maberry E. Magnier D. G. Monet P. M. Onaka A. J. Pickles Pui Hin H. Rhoads T. Simon A. Szalay I. Szapudi D. J. Tholen J. L. Tonry M. Waterson J. Wick \u201cPan-STARRS: A large synoptic survey telescope array \u201d in Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries J. A. Tyson S. Wolff Eds. (SPIE 2002); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.457365.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.457365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/acc173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad0468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac193f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10569-024-10225-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad16e6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05805-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad26e7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad12cf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/360429a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05811-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad0fdd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ac94c1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05878-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ac7de7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad1bce"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202141753"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/adbc88"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad0b07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-024-02200-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad04d8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2012.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad206b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50146-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50148-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-L. Margot P. Pravec P. Taylor B. Carry S. Jacobson \u201cAsteroid systems: Binaries triples and pairs \u201d in Asteroids IV W. F. Bottke F. E. DeMeo P. Michel Eds. (University of Arizona Press 2015) p. 373.","DOI":"10.2458\/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56010-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05810-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ac6f52"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2021.114594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Milani G. Gronchi Theory of Orbit Determination (Cambridge University Press 2009).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139175371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-1035(03)00051-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2013.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10569-014-9536-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","unstructured":"G. J. Bierman Factorization Methods For Discrete Sequential Estimation (Academic Press 1977)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G002270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ac91cc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"J. D. Giorgini D. K. Yeomans A. B. Chamberlin P. W. Chodas R. A. Jacobson M. S. Keesey J. H. Lieske S. J. Ostro E. M. Standish R. N. Wimberly \u201cJPL\u2019s on-line solar system data service \u201d in AAS\/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts (American Astronomical Society 1996) vol. 28 p. 1158."}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea4259","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea4259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:59:08Z","timestamp":1773683948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea4259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aea4259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aea4259","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaea4259"}}