{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:08:26Z","timestamp":1791986906782,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"51","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Eliciting HIV-1 expression from latently infected CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells allows these rare reservoir cells to become targets of the immune system and may also result in death of reservoir cells via virus-induced cytopathy. We asked whether administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) to people with HIV-1 (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) would induce HIV-1 replication and activate cellular immunity. Nine men with ART-suppressed HIV-1 completed a single 4-day cycle of rIL-2 administration. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels rose from &lt;20 copies per milliliter at entry to a mean of 301 copies per milliliter at day 7 (an average increase of 0.82 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.008). In addition, we observed robust natural killer and T cell activation, with a modest increase in regulatory T cell\u2013like cells. Thus, rIL-2 appears to be one of the most potent latency-reversing agents tested in PWH on ART.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aea4268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T18:58:22Z","timestamp":1766170702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interleukin-2 is a potent latency reversal agent in people with treated HIV-1"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-5258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4046-125X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian M.","family":"Clagett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6201-5660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Leskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Moisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Yendewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-8682","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott F.","family":"Sieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2873-4295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Laird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelevir Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2900-094X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Karn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0725-249X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benigno","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9247-8025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael M.","family":"Lederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 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