{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:29:18Z","timestamp":1791570558229,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"31","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013757","name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["program #4645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["program #4645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neptune\u2019s single large moon, Triton, is accompanied by a set of dusty rings and small moons whose composition and origin are uncertain. Using the James Webb Space Telescope, we observed Neptune\u2019s rings and three moons: Larissa, Galatea, and Proteus. These moons and rings have spectra that are distinct from other outer Solar System objects and show no evidence of water ice despite hosting deep 3-micrometer OH absorption bands. In addition, Larissa, Galatea, and the rings show a compositional signature unique among outer Solar System bodies: a 2.72-micrometer absorption band diagnostic of magnesium-rich phyllosilicates\u2014a signpost of extensive aqueous alteration. These minerals likely formed in the interior of primordial satellites destroyed during Triton\u2019s violent capture or a tidally shredded dwarf planet. Our findings suggest that Neptune\u2019s present-day inner moons and rings reaccreted from this deep interior material and therefore uniquely access the interior composition of icy outer Solar System differentiated bodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeb1437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:59:11Z","timestamp":1785347951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neptune\u2019s inner moons and rings are exposed icy body interiors"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-4704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. Ryleigh","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4778-6170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Belyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-8429","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachariah","family":"Milby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8255-0545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.246.4936.1417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.245.4917.500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(92)90155-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aa9184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-1035(03)00002-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ab7cd5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(91)90045-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2008.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad3d55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/adf325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/765\/2\/L28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/acf613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(89)90188-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maps.12171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"C. M. Pieters T. Hiroi \u201cRELAB (Reflectance Experiment Laboratory): A NASA multiuser spectroscopy facility \u201d in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2004) abstract no. 1720."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(85)90073-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(97)00357-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2008.68.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2007.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2011.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2010.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-019-0722-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maps.12947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad944c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2010.01037.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2011.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Kirsim\u00e4e G. R. Osinski \u201cImpact-induced hydrothermal activity\u201d in Impact Cratering: Processes and Products G. R. Osinski E. Pierazzo Eds. (Wiley-Blackwell Oxford 2013) pp. 76\u201389.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118447307.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2012.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maps.12796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2005.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2012.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JE007432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ae04dd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Tobie J. Lunine J. Monteux O. Mousis F. Nimmo \u201cThe origin and evolution of Titan\u201d in Titan: Interior Surface Atmosphere and Space Environment (Cambridge Univ. Press 2014) pp. 29\u201362.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511667398.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-072920-052847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-022-01613-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2009.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2024.116017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeb1429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JE003740"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0909-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. F. Kokaly R. N. Clark G. A. Swayze K. E. Livo T. M. Hoefen N. C. Pearson R. A. Wise W. M. Benzel H. A. Lowers R. L. Driscoll A. J. Klein USGS Spectral Library Version 7 Report 1035 Reston VA (2017); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/ds1035.","DOI":"10.3133\/ds1035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"E. Cloutis Mineral and Rock Sample Database. Planetary Spectrophotometer Facility (PSF) (University of Winnipeg 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"B. Schmitt D. Albert L. Bonal L. Mandon E. Dode P. Bollard A. Garenne M. Gorbacheva P. Volcke M. Furrer the SSHADE Partner\u2019s Consortium SSHADE: \u201cSolid Spectroscopy Hosting Architecture of Databases and Expertise \u201d Service\/Database (2018); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26302\/SSHADE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-024-02433-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/2515-5172\/ae03a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/addecd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(83)90052-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2012.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/adc55d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2011.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ace2ba"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad2fc3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-0633(95)00107-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","unstructured":"C.C.Porco P. D. Nicholson J. N. Cuzzi J. J. Lissauer L. W. Esposito Neptune\u2019s Ring System The University of Arizona Space Science Series (University of Arizona Press 1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aabc4f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac7c74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","unstructured":"M. R. Davis M. Belyakov I. Wong Z. Milby M. E. Brown \u201cReduction code for Inner Neptunian Satellite Paper \u201d CaltechDATA (2025); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22002\/vwdse-4d488."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psy125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"M. Davis Data from \u201cTriton\u2019s Wake: Neptune\u2019s Destroyed Inner Moons Reveal Icy Satellite Interior Compositions\u201d (2025); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17909\/1cqh-hy49."}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeb1437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:01:57Z","timestamp":1785348117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeb1437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aeb1437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeb1437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaeb1437"}}