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We present a swallowable, string-tethered capsule that expands in the stomach to enable atraumatic retrieval of esophageal epithelial cells without sedation or endoscopic guidance, completing the procedure in under 3 minutes. Capsules are fabricated via gas-foamed expansion of nanofiber mats or hybrid aerogel formation, enabling rapid in situ reexpansion upon gastric fluid exposure and safe retrieval. In swine studies, capsules dissolved within 2 minutes, reexpanded within seconds, required minimal retrieval force, and consistently captured intact epithelial layers without injury. This platform could enable low-cost, high-throughput esophageal sampling in primary care and resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeb3892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T18:58:51Z","timestamp":1762973931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Swallowable expandable fibrous capsules for nonendoscopic sampling of esophageal cells"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-2355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. M. 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