{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:58:44Z","timestamp":1792609124293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20A6001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A6001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12272022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12272022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11921002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11921002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Strabismus, affecting ~4% of children, impairs vision and psychosocial health. However, clinical diagnosis requires multiple instruments and stepwise examinations of ocular alignment, extraocular muscle function, and deviation angle. It is limited by low diagnostic objectivity, poor pediatric compliance, and high cost. Here, we propose a strategy for one-stop strabismus digital diagnosis via artificial intelligence (AI)\u2013integrated, skin-like, and wearable \u201cEyelectronics.\u201d The ultralightweight, imperceptible eye-wearable system features an ultrathin (~60 micrometers in thickness), breathable, and multidirectional (0\u00b0\/45\u00b0\/90\u00b0) strain-sensing array conformally adapted to the sensitive eyelid. It enables wireless, mild-restricted measurement of eyelid deformation during eye movements. Through biomechanical modeling validated by ocular magnetic resonance imaging simulations, we establish a prior correlation between eyelid deformation and eye movements. The Eyelectronics, powered by our physiology knowledge-driven end-to-end AI algorithm, achieves simultaneous measurement of strabismus angle and identification of paretic muscle. It delivers a 96.6% four-direction classification accuracy and a 1.2\u00b0 measurement accuracy in ocular motility examinations. Clinical benchmarking against the clinical standard (Hess screen test) confirmed diagnostic agreement (intraclass correlation\u00a0=\u00a00.978). This system bridges quantitative biomechanical sensing with digital diagnosis, promoting a paradigm for future strabismus treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeb7242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T18:59:52Z","timestamp":1769626792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["One-stop strabismus digital diagnosis via AI-integrated skin-like and wearable \u201cEyelectronics\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1499-7978","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5920-0450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5388-4552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiankai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6419-0331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-8893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuntao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-457X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China."},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100069, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1213-5792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9242-8474","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China."},{"name":"Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, 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Zrinscak, I. Grubisic, K. Skala, J. Skunca Herman, T. Kriz, R. Ivekovic, Computer based eye tracker for detection of manifest strabismus. Acta Clin. Croat. 60, 683\u2013694 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Croat."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"668","article-title":"Hess lancaster screen test with eye tracker: An objective method for the measurement of binocular gaze direction","volume":"13","author":"Orduna-Hospital E.","year":"2023","unstructured":"E. Orduna-Hospital, L. Maurain-Orera, C. Lopez-de-la-Fuente, A. Sanchez-Cano, Hess lancaster screen test with eye tracker: An objective method for the measurement of binocular gaze direction. 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