{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:34:14Z","timestamp":1776112454627,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China","award":["2024YFC2607505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2607505"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan","award":["No. 2024040701010066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2024040701010066"]}]},{"name":"Initiative Scientific Research Program Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2023IOZ0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023IOZ0205"]}]},{"name":"Bingzhi Postdoctoral Special Support Program of Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["E455I21133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E455I21133"]}]},{"name":"Grade of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["GZC20341710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20341710"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Institute of National Park HINP","award":["ZDYF2023RDYL01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2023RDYL01"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Institute of National Park HINP","award":["KY-24ZK02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY-24ZK02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bats serve as critical reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens but also play essential ecological roles. To mitigate spillover risks without harming bat populations, we developed a multiroute vaccination strategy using recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)\u2013based vaccines. Vaccine-carrying mosquitoes delivered rVSV-based rabies and Nipah vaccines, conferring protection in rodent and bat models. Under simulated natural conditions, cohabitation with vaccine-carrying mosquitoes elicited strong immune responses in bats, supporting feasibility beyond laboratory settings. As a complementary approach, saline traps exploiting bats\u2019 mineral-seeking behavior achieved comparable immune protection through oral vaccination. Together, these results demonstrate a flexible, ecology-informed vaccination platform for immunizing wild bats, offering a scalable strategy to reduce zoonotic spillover risk while supporting bat conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec0269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:59:43Z","timestamp":1773251983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ecological vaccination: A strategy to prevent zoonotic spillover from bats"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0604-2627","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongyue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3053-7063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China."},{"name":"Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4903-7168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cross-Border Infectious Disease Prevention and New Drug Development, Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunzheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China."},{"name":"College of Life science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453003, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-6927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Heyuan Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Jilin 138000, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Heyuan Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Jilin 138000, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Heyuan Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Jilin 138000, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102629, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiankai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102629, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-1393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650500, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-2958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wanzhu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-3782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China."},{"name":"Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China."},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-227X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aihua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China."},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0394-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyx147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0430-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03128-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01528.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92000-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13077-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2008-0161.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80108-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"3384","article-title":"Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of rabies exposure in vampire bats: Implications for transmission and control","volume":"279","author":"Streicker D. G.","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. G. Streicker, S. Recuenco, W. Valderrama, J. G. Benavides, I. Vargas, V. Pacheco, R. E. Condori Condori, J. Montgomery, C. E. Rupprecht, P. Rohani, S. Altizer, Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of rabies exposure in vampire bats: Implications for transmission and control. Proc. Biol. Sci. 279, 3384\u20133392 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0459-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04299-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5470.1432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9040190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1656\/1092-6194(2003)010[0083:FHOSSO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.1140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836903003613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467412000740"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10211-015-0227-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35407-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00797-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00201-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"A five-year assessment of mortality and geographic spread of white-nose syndrome in north american bats, with a look at the future. Update of white-nose syndrome in bats","volume":"52","author":"Turner G. G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"G. G. Turner, D. M. Reeder, J. T. H. Coleman, A five-year assessment of mortality and geographic spread of white-nose syndrome in north american bats, with a look at the future. Update of white-nose syndrome in bats. Bat Res. News 52, 13\u201327 (2011).","journal-title":"Bat Res. News"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836902000419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Foods of the Northern myotis, Myotis septentrionalis, from Missouri and Indiana, with notes on foraging","volume":"3","author":"Brack V.","year":"2001","unstructured":"V. Brack, V. Brack, J. O. Whitaker Jr., Foods of the Northern myotis, Myotis septentrionalis, from Missouri and Indiana, with notes on foraging. Acta Chiropt. 3, 203\u2013210 (2001).","journal-title":"Acta Chiropt."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000600019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-25.4.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-38.3.539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1830715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-018-0096-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00212-3"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec0269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:07:35Z","timestamp":1776107255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec0269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aec0269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec0269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaec0269"}}