{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:52:15Z","timestamp":1776703935312,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"Electronic Materials Program","award":["DE-AC02- 05Ch11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02- 05Ch11231"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004358","name":"Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Berkeley Sensors and Actuators Center"},{"name":"NDSEG Fellowship Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is a key physiological parameter used to assess hypoventilation and to estimate metabolic rates. However, current CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    monitoring relies on bulky breath-analysis systems that are impractical for continuous use in daily life. Here, we present a wearable on-skin gas-sniffing system that quantifies skin-emitted CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and establishes its physiological relevance through direct correlation with exhaled CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and metabolic rate. Participant studies demonstrate strong correlations between CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    flow rates from the skin and breath during both rest and exercise, with skin-emitted CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    approximately four orders of magnitude lower than exhaled CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Skin-emitted CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    also correlates with metabolic rate, suggesting its potential as a surrogate for breath-based indirect calorimetry. With its wearable form factor and physiological relevance, this skin gas sniffing system enables continuous, noninvasive metabolic monitoring and opens opportunities for studying skin gas exchange.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec2376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:59:04Z","timestamp":1772045944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skin CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    sniffing for wearable metabolic monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4165-9816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seung-Rok","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7198-4578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noelle","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalynna","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7214-7931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Javey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."},{"name":"Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"A. C. Guyton J. E. Hall Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161-023-00139-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02047-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2017.6.2.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"G. A. Brooks T. D. Fahey K. M. Baldwin Exercise physiology: Human bioenergetics and its applications (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-021-00524-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202300385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08825-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1986.251.3.C395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c00536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-2-12-1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1293752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12625939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004363"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec2376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:01:57Z","timestamp":1776700917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec2376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aec2376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec2376","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaec2376"}}