{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:57:41Z","timestamp":1791161861561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP2AR082471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2AR082471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL124020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL124020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM150689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM150689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB035574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB035574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY030501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY030501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA278703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA278703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB017742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB017742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY038008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY038008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014036","name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-19-1-0233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-19-1-0233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Autonomous robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has emerged as a promising objective in biomedical technology, further enhanced by miniaturization toward microrobotic-assisted surgery (\u03bc-RAS). This reduction in scale promises minimally invasive, partially or fully automated surgical procedures, with the potential to reduce patient recovery times, lower medical costs, and enable previously unavailable procedural options. This perspective highlights the specific advances in RAS that potentially map to the microscale (\u03bc-RAS), organized across five surgical domains: endovascular, endoluminal, laparoscopic, ophthalmic, and orthopedic. We examine both clinical demands and technological advances in surgical robotics and identify the key innovations required for progress across these surgical fields. Our contribution is distinct in combining the perspectives of both surgical experts and bioengineering innovators, outlining a roadmap for the advancement and eventual integration of autonomous RAS and \u03bc-RAS into mainstream surgical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec4197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:59:22Z","timestamp":1782928762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Toward autonomous robotic-assisted and microrobotic surgery"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3728-9544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sungyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6506-5118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Byung Ha","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeongho","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6425-5745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan P.","family":"Wachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edwardson School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6903-5939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farshid","family":"Alambeigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Robotics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8298-2439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaydev P.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7294-640X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierre E.","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7520-4743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kurt","family":"Yaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6243-4843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1955 Capital &amp; K2A2 Consulting LLC (Biomedical Engineering), Signal Mountain, TN 37377, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-3932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan","family":"Kuntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-1384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ron","family":"Alterovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1389-224X","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"III","given":"Robert J.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6818-7700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Image Guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-6691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janani S.","family":"Reisenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0666-9736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"McKenna","family":"Clinch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-9751","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7306-8140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-3710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Ranzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA."},{"name":"Activ Surgical Inc., Boston, MA 02210, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2744-0896","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5089-1196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hao F.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-3140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cameron N.","family":"Riviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-010X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric R.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-0172","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9150-4014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA."},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2913-0418","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Wollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2735-4725","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David H.","family":"Gracias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA."},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA."},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-3932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lamar O.","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weinberg Medical Physics Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-770X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Karpelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-038X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-043X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Itai","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."},{"name":"Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2944-808X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Strano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000103020.19595.7d"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.1354"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18911"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"R. Kurzweil T. Grossman Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever (Rodale 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current status of nanomedicine and medical nanorobotics","volume":"2","author":"Freitas R. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"R. A. Freitas, Current status of nanomedicine and medical nanorobotics. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 2, 1\u201325 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(09)70272-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-010510-103409"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03911"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-025-00294-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adt0187"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300268"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1239374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202102253"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR03124E"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303714"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311462"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106151"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"e52243","article-title":"Autonomous robotic surgery: Has the future arrived?","volume":"16","author":"Rivero-Moreno Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Rivero-Moreno, M. Rodriguez, P. Losada-Mu\u00f1oz, S. Redden, S. Lopez-Lezama, A. Vidal-Gallardo, D. Machado-Paled, J. Cordova Guilarte, S. Teran-Quintero, Autonomous robotic surgery: Has the future arrived? Cureus 16, e52243 (2024).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.supp2.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aam8638"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adt5254"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0946-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2018.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2023.100918"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00163-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0770"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035687"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101456"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-22-00642"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abg9907"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.2014.916207"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","unstructured":"A. Pedersen \u201cSiemens calls it quits in robotic heart surgery \u201d Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry (MD+DI) 11 May 2023; www.mddionline.com\/robotics\/siemens-calls-it-quits-in-robotic-heart-surgery."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"\u201cCapstan Medical achieves milestone: World\u2019s first robotic catheter mitral valve replacements successfully completed \u201d PR Newswire 6 March 2025; www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/capstan-medical-achieves-milestone-worlds-first-robotic-catheter-mitral-valve-replacements-successfully-completed-302393977.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08063-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202102529"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c07830"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2017.2654546"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.12.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2020.200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","unstructured":"Johnson & Johnson MedTech MONARCH QUEST www.jnjmedtech.com\/en-US\/product-family\/monarch."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","unstructured":"Intuitive Ion Robotic Bronchoscopy www.intuitive.com\/en-us\/products-and-services\/ion."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adf7614"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abp9066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0070-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130781"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.01061.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aas9315"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","first-page":"100380","article-title":"Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"14","author":"Gopalakrishnan S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Gopalakrishnan, R. Thomas, S. Sedaghat, A. Krishnakumar, S. Khan, T. Meyer, H. Ajieren, S. Nejati, J. Wang, M. S. Verma, P. Irazoqui, R. Rahimi, Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Biosens. Bioelectron. X 14, 100380 (2023).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron. X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-014-9890-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013140"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01024-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau2277"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0598-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.ade9676"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08202-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-00938-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.105019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-016-0022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100438"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104932"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01024-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2021.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb4133"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2011.2163861"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag2374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6413"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9256-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-016-2238-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz0127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04615-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Khatib E. T. Zhao S. Wei A. Abramson E. S. Bishop C.-H. Chen A.-L. Thomas C. Xu J. Park Y. Lee R. Hamnett W. Yu S. E. Root L. Yuan D. Chakhtoura K. K. Kim D. Zhong Y. Nishio C. Zhao C. Wu Y. Jiang A. Zhang J. Li W. Wang F. Salimi-Jazi T. A. Rafeeqi N. M. Hemed J. B.-H. Tok X. Chen J. A. Kaltschmidt J. C. Y. Dunn Z. Bao Spiral NeuroString: High-density soft bioelectronic fibers for multimodal sensing and stimulation. bioRxiv 560482 [Preprint] (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.10.02.560482.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.02.560482"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10221-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-025-01561-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00761.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01122-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Healy A. Abdigazy M. Clinch J. Y. Chin M. S. Islam Z. Lee J. Z. Ding J. Jackson R. Ghanim X. Manigault S. Ponna M. C. Lee J. Park Y. Khan A. Abramson Self-severing circuits facilitate passage of ingestible electronic sensor-guided therapeutics. bioRxiv 714561 [Preprint] (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.03.27.714561.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.27.714561"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa5657"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4280"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0193-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401407"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38936-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2020.00076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2015.00052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24787"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Laparoscopic abdominal surgery","volume":"4","author":"Perrin M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Perrin, A. Fletcher, Laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Contin. Educ. Anaesth. Crit. Care Pain 4, 107\u2013110 (2004).","journal-title":"Contin. Educ. Anaesth. Crit. Care Pain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v16.i4.1130"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics National Hospital Discharge Survey 2010 Table 10 vol .494 (Center for Disease Control 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","unstructured":"NEJM Catalyst Appendix: Colon surgery per year https:\/\/catalyst.nejm.org\/pb-assets\/images\/CAT.21.0305_Appendix.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003098"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000001147"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11076-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2019.2957061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102888"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01095-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","unstructured":"J. Li G. Skinner G. Yang B. R. Quaranto S. D. Schwaitzberg P. C. W. Kim J. Xiong LLaVA-Surg: Towards multimodal surgical assistant via structured surgical video learning. arXiv:2408.07981 [cs.CV] (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-024-03257-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09781-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-001-9179-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.1999.01496.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. De J. Rosen A. Dagan P. Swanson M. Sinanan B. Hannaford \u201cAssessment of tissue damage due to mechanical stresses \u201d in The First IEEE\/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics 2006. BioRob 2006 (IEEE 2006) pp. 823\u2013828; http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1639192\/.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOROB.2006.1639192"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4716"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12120"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Tortora M. Salerno T. Ranzani S. Tognarelli P. Dario A. Menciassi \u201cA modular magnetic platform for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery \u201d in 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (IEEE 2013) pp. 6265\u20136268.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610985"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000232518.01447.c7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2018.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028658"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2011.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2163"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0676-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.161360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01102-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","unstructured":"A. Zia M. Berniker R. G. Nespolo X. Zhang C. Perreault K. Bhattacharyya X. Liu Z. Wang S. Kondo S. Kasai K. Hirasawa B. Liu D. Austin Y. Wang M. Futrega J.-F. Puget Z. Li Y. Sato R. Fujii R. Hachiuma M. Masuda H. Saito A. Wang M. Xu M. Islam L. Bai W. Pang H. Ren C. Nwoye L. Sestini N. Padoy M. Nielsen S. Sch\u00fcttler T. Sentker H. Husseini I. Baltruschat R. Schmitz R. Werner A. Matsun M. Farooq N. Saaed J. R. R. Viera M. Yaqub N. Getty F. Xia Z. Zhao X. Duan X. Yao A. Lou H. Yang J. Han J. Noble J. Y. Wu T. A. Alshirbaji N. A. Jalal H. Arabian N. Ding K. Moeller W. Chen Q. He M. Bilal T. Akinosho A. Qayyum M. Caputo H. Vohra M. Loizou A. Ajayi I. Berrou F. Niyi-Odumosu C. Budd O. Alabi T. Vercauteren R. Zhao A. Acar J. Han J. Atoum Y. Qin S. Hua L. Ping W. Wu R. Wei J. Wu Y. Pang Z. Chen T. Jaspers A. Yamlahi P. Kalinowski D. Michael T. R\u00e4dsch M. H\u00fcbner D. Stoyanov S. Speidel L. Maier-Hein J. Tian R. Zhang K. H. Nguyen A. Q. Nguyen T. M. Nguyen K. D. Tran M. N. D. Nhat T. T. D. Pham L. V. Nguyen C. Jiang D. Yang H. Li Y. Prudent T. Boissin M. Alam S. Ashraf A. D. Beggs L. Akanbi M. D. Delgado N. Gupta A. M. Hajiyavand I. Qasim H. A. Alaka J. Qadir Shu Yang Y. Wang H. Chen S. Paul Y. Yamagishi Z. Dong H. Li H. Gu X. Ding X. Liu X. Zhao M. Ribeiro T. Jesus A. Ferreira G. Barbosa J. Carvalho L. Barroso N. Gomes R. Peixoto R. Ralha V. Alves Stephanie N. Ittikosil A. Chitrapan Q. H. Cap J. Huang S. C. Dhake S. Kavtaradze M. I. Hoque K. Y. Kim S. Y. Yun Y. T. Kim H. B. Kim S. T. Kim Z. Deng L. Li J. Zheng X. Li A. Jarc Intuitive surgical SurgToolLoc and SurgVU challenge results: 2022-2023. arXiv:2305.07152 [cs.CV] (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2024.3372828"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adt3093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad9398"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0940"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2024.100404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Richards E. Ahronovich N. Shihora A. Yildiz J. Atoum J. Y. Wu K. L. Obstein N. Simaan \u201cA Robotic Mediation Device for skill assessment and training during colonoscopy \u201d in 2024 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE 2024) pp. 4616\u20134623.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS58592.2024.10801301"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100560"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0022-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Cianchetti A. Menciassi \u201cSoft robots in surgery \u201d in Soft Robotics: Trends Applications and Challenges (Springer 2017) pp. 75\u201385.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46460-2_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3167931"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30592-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.4389"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60160-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000124396.03008.7A"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00884-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-2053-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0248-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0096"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.8.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14480"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-02788-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-014-0095-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00561-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100315"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2022.104863"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Fang P. Zhang D. Kim J. Kweon C. Sun A. S. Huang H. F. Zhang Robotic visible-light optical coherence tomography visualizes segmental Schlemm\u2019s canal anatomy and segmental pilocarpine response. bioRxiv 614542 [Preprint] (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.09.23.614542.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.23.614542"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Kim R. Fang P. Zhang C. Sun G. Li C. Montgomery S. W. M. John W. D. Stamer H. F. Zhang C. R. Ethier In vivo quantification of anterior and posterior chamber volumes in mice: Implications for aqueous humor dynamics. bioRxiv 604989 [Preprint] (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.07.24.604989.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.24.604989"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.3.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.846782"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-04046-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2023.3241589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-025-06623-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8120205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.912081"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402373"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4138"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13193429"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15122601"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c06211"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-022-04442-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1270237"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82589-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3026745"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0071-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.101605"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IEH.S133518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115311"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27003-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-022-00097-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2007.380641"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01589-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0250-6874(89)87079-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao1082"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0203-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abd5476"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/22\/5\/055027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. H. Gosline N. V. Vasilyev A. Veeramani M. Wu G. Schmitz R. Chen V. Arabagi P. J. del Nido P. E. Dupont \u201cMetal MEMS tools for beating-heart tissue removal \u201d in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (IEEE 2012) pp. 1921\u20131926; http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6225210\/.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2012.6225210"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Russo T. Ranzani J. Gafford C. J. Walsh R. J. Wood \u201cSoft pop-up mechanisms for micro surgical tools: Design and characterization of compliant millimeter-scale articulated structures \u201d in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) (IEEE 2016) pp. 750\u2013757; http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7487203\/.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487203"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05098"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl500136a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am508621s"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b15646"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmech.2017.00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56032-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.ade4642"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0194-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2626-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2017.2737042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700135"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2498481"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201203348"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec4197","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec4197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:23:41Z","timestamp":1784309021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec4197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":206,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aec4197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec4197","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaec4197"}}