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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Optohydrodynamic manipulation offers a versatile, noninvasive, and reconfigurable approach for controlling microscopic objects. Here, we present a strategy for generating tunable three-dimensional optohydrodynamic torques through phase gradient\u2013driven nanoparticle assemblies. Using programmable optical ring vortices (Laguerre-Gaussian beams), we assemble and rotate colloidal clusters with certain particle numbers, whose induced hydrodynamic flows apply switchable in-plane and out-of-plane torques on target particles. Torque control is achieved via two mechanisms: (i) reversing the handedness of circular polarization to break rotational symmetry and (ii) displacing optical ring vortices and modulating cluster rotation speed. These complementary controls provide robust, high-resolution torques tuned in arbitrary directions. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate full three-dimensional orientation control of a single cell. This framework greatly expands the capabilities of optohydrodynamic systems by explicitly incorporating light-driven interparticle interactions and establishes a foundation for advanced applications in biophysics, microrobotics, and biomedical engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec6957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:58:47Z","timestamp":1770836327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tunable 3D optohydrodynamic torques from optical phase gradient\u2013driven colloidal assemblies"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6273-0621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 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