{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:43:15Z","timestamp":1792165395104,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"19","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22335008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22335008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22475236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22475236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["2242037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2242037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Radical-functionalized chromophores hold promise as noninvasive NIR-II agents due to their narrow HOMO-SOMO gaps, but inherent instability from radical quenching has limited their practical applications. Here, we report a molecularly engineered class of two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) that simultaneously integrate stable radicals (&gt;24 months), extended \u03c0-delocalization, and metal-ligand coordination. This synergistic architecture achieves an ultrabroad NIR-II absorption peak extending beyond 1400 nm with extinction coefficients approaching ~10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which outperform traditional photothermal agents by orders of magnitude. Through strategic graft of side chains, we promote vibrational relaxation pathways, markedly enhancing nonradiative decay and enabling a photothermal conversion efficiency of 92.9%. In cell experiments, 2D c-MOFs achieve complete tumor cell ablation under ultralow NIR-II irradiation intensity (0.1 W\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) that highlights their potential for deep-tissue photothermal therapy. Our work establishes a robust and generalizable molecular design strategy for developing stable radical-based NIR-II agents with exceptional photothermal performance, paving the way for their application in deep-tissue therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec7519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1778090366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Super-stable two-dimensional radical conjugated metal-organic frameworks for efficient NIR-II photothermal conversion"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4786-4846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shanzhi","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China."},{"name":"Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-2198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, China."},{"name":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &amp; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3847-4770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &amp; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5739-6245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanji","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuge","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0930-6343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7535-2700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yonglin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. 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