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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The basal ganglia (BG) contain multiple parallel neural circuits, each of which may control different behaviors. However, how the distinct parallel BG circuits are molecularly organized is not known. Here, we show that two \u03b42-protocadherins (PCDHs), PCDH17 and PCDH10, which are homophilic cell adhesion molecules, establish and define two distinct indirect BG circuits that regulate different behaviors. PCDH17 and PCDH10 are expressed in a complementary expression pattern in the BG, anatomically defining two parallel indirect BG connections. Indirect pathway\u2013specific\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pcdh17<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pcdh10<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditional knockout (cKO) mice show impaired establishment of the indirect BG circuits in a region-preferential manner. Last, the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pcdh17<\/jats:italic>\n                    cKO mice show defects in task learning, while the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pcdh10<\/jats:italic>\n                    cKO mice show defects in motor\/sensory habituation. These results identify PCDH17 and PCDH10 as the molecular organizers for two distinct indirect BG circuits regulating different behaviors and reveal the molecular mechanisms for organizing parallel BG circuits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec8746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1787335121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b42-Protocadherins organize parallel indirect basal ganglia circuits"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-1356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naosuke","family":"Hoshina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, F.M. 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