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Their transcriptional and protein expression profile included innate-like effector features including NKp80, NKG2D, NKG7, as well as granzyme K, and exhibited characteristics of tissue residence, persistence, and barrier repair, and they were depleted in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Notably, the CD161\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4 T cell pool was expanded in cytomegalovirus (CMV)\u2013seropositive individuals and enriched in CMV-specific T cell receptors and responses. Together, we identify a potent effector-memory CD4 T cell subset resident in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, defined by enhanced innateness and enriched in CMV-specificity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:59:07Z","timestamp":1778867947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intestinal resident effector\u2013memory CD4 T cells on the adaptive-innate spectrum comprise IL-18 reactivity and adaptive CMV specificity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8433-036X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobias","family":"Kammann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 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