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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ambiviruses are fungal-infecting circular RNA viruses that uniquely combine viroid-like and viral features, yet the function of their conserved ORF-B protein and their effects on hosts remain unknown, hindered by the lack of a reverse genetics system. Here, we constructed the first infectious cDNA clone of an ambivirus, Fusarium graminearum ambivirus 1 (FgAV1), using a head-to-tail dimer placed downstream of a fungal promoter. FgAV1 was horizontally transmitted via hyphal anastomosis to virus-free\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Notably, a reverse-oriented dimer construct was also infectious and transmissible. Targeted mutagenesis revealed that both ORF-A- and ORF-B-encoded proteins and the presence of embedded ribozymes are indispensable for ambivirus replication. Our results further demonstrate that FgAV1 infection triggers a fungal RNAi response, extending the antiviral role of host sRNAs to circular RNA viruses. Furthermore, FgAV1 infection suppressed fungal growth and significantly reduced the virulence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                    on wheat. These findings provide novel insights into ambivirus replication and their potential in fungal pathogen biocontrol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed1511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1788371966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A newly established reverse genetic system for a circular RNA virus reveals new requirements for infection and its biocontrol potential"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9864-5611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, 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