{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:02:50Z","timestamp":1783144970485,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"13","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006768","name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MINYSKL202404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MINYSKL202404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006768","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xtr052025020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xtr052025020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National key R&D program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFA1506300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1506300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NSFC Center for Single-Atom Catalysis","award":["22388102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22388102"]}]},{"name":"S&T Program of Energy Shaanxi Laboratory","award":["ESLB202404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESLB202404"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Research and Development Platform for Generic Technologies","award":["2025ZY1-GXJS-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZY1-GXJS-03"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Technological Innovation Team","award":["2024RS-CXTD-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RS-CXTD-47"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team, the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universi-ties","award":["B23025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B23025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have emerged as a transformative strategy in small-molecule activation, leveraging steric inhibition to sustain highly reactive Lewis acid\u2013base pairs capable of heterolyzing nonpolar molecules such as H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    through electric field (EF)\u2013induced polarization. Despite their promise, FLPs exhibit inherent limitations in activating highly stable, kinetically inert substrates, owing to insufficient field strength and limited polarization efficacy. The systems with intensified charge separation, termed frustrated ion pairs (FIPs), can transcend these constraints by combining extreme ionic reactivity with persistent frustration. Here, we propose a geometrically controlled FIPs system that systematically modulates interionic distance and interaction via cation size engineering, ensuring sustained frustration and remarkable catalytic enhancement. The relationship between the interaction strength of anions and cations in the FIPs and their performance in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    cycloaddition exhibits a volcanic curve trend. FIPs catalysts with optimal distance (4.11 \u00c5) and interaction strength (\u221278 kJ\u00b7mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7\u00c5\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) between its cation and anion exhibit optimal catalytic performance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TOF<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0184 hour\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The frustrated configuration liberates Br\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    from electrostatic confinement, achieving unprecedented nucleophilic activity by reducing the ring-opening energy barrier by 48.7 kJ\u00b7mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    compared to conventional ionic pairs. Optimal ion-pair distance in FIPs generates an intense asymmetric electric field that strongly polarizes CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , yielding an induced dipole moment of \u2206\u03bc\u00a0=\u00a00.132 D. Moreover, the FIPs structure is extended to heterogeneous systems and exhibits a similar trend with homogeneous ones, showing its application potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed1692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T18:00:37Z","timestamp":1774634437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergy of liberated anions and intense electric field in frustrated ion pairs for enhancing CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    cycloaddition"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9360-4966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Decun","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2790-8433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han-Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3766-5068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zheng-Qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-0450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xi-Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8956-8425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3926-6696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-8307","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chun-Ran","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine &amp; Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."},{"name":"National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200701215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202405405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.4c00836"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja312387q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b02732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08195-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.2c02447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00727D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202301497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA05688H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202001447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.checat.2021.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.0c02790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06131-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.148129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6b01142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c01981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.201900653"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed1692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T18:01:09Z","timestamp":1774634469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed1692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aed1692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed1692","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaed1692"}}