{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:34:02Z","timestamp":1786113242015,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-2044281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-2044281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006462","name":"City University of New York","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H05233, 23H02052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H05233, 23H02052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H05233, 23H02052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H05233, 23H02052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"World Premier International Research Center Initiative","award":["MEXT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEXT"]}]},{"name":"World Premier International Research Center Initiative","award":["MEXT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEXT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The discovery of graphene plasmons (GPs) and hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has enabled extreme light confinement and enhanced light-matter interactions, holding the promise for miniaturized mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonic devices. However, GPs and HPhPs suffer from limited propagation lengths, hindering their impact in various applications. Here, we demonstrate long-range surface polaritons (LRSPs) in 2D vdW materials, featuring much longer propagation lengths and faster group velocities, which may offer complementary opportunities for high-speed on-chip photonic applications in the mid-IR regime. The demonstrated LRSPs are supported by deep-subwavelength heterostructures consisting of a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flake, a high-index germanium (Ge) layer, and a gold (Au) film. Within such geometry, we experimentally demonstrate propagation distances exceeding 80 micrometers crossing an entire h-BN flake without substantial decay. A theoretical prediction of \u223c925-micrometer propagation length is obtained. These polaritons may be ideally suited for realizing polaritonic interconnects that bridge different components of compact and planar photonic systems, enabling mid-IR information transport and seamless integration with other vdW material\u2013based mid-IR photonic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed2198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:01:42Z","timestamp":1785952902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mid-infrared long-range surface polaritons in two-dimensional van der Waals materials"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-5517","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingsong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2261-804X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shixiong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."},{"name":"Department of Electric Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5590-2699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saroj","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6251-1370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiamin","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-8119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-3105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takashi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2577-1755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."},{"name":"Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4297-5274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Al\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."},{"name":"Department of Electric Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA."},{"name":"Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2017-0085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-023-01208-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-082708-101717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-023-01214-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31607-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/24\/1\/012004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2844565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.3c01428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw3452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202514561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04328-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40789-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58197-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01264-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-01925-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-025-01762-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0157-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl201771h"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03640-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28786-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43593-022-00018-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1246833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2359-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0618-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq1704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf1251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf1065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03755-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0136-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38326-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat5047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. C. Chew Waves and Fields in Inhomogenous Media (John Wiley & Sons 1999).","DOI":"10.1109\/9780470547052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. M. Agranovich D. L. Mills Surface Polaritons (North-Holland Amsterdam 1982).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-86165-8.50006-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1969.1139375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.47.1927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.1.000484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn0627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40449-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.7b01563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.2c00061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c00412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.085136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2686079"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed2198","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed2198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:04:22Z","timestamp":1785953062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed2198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aed2198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed2198","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaed2198"}}