{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:06:01Z","timestamp":1791561961559,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"20","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002611","name":"University of Seoul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025 Advanced Facility Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025 Advanced Facility Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002611","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00242507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00242507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1C1C1003994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1C1C1003994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00406674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00406674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI19C075300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI19C075300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics at Northwestern University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate, continuous monitoring of psychophysiological states is central to understanding stress and autonomic dysfunction across diverse medical contexts. Current approaches such as polygraphy and polysomnography rely on cumbersome, wired sensors that limit real-world utility and burden patients, particularly vulnerable populations such as infants. Here, we introduce a wireless, skin-interfaced multimodal sensing system capable of simultaneously recording cardiac, respiratory, electrodermal, and thermal signals in a time-synchronized manner. Leveraging compact and soft designs, the technology enables unobtrusive monitoring across controlled, clinical, and naturalistic settings. Validation studies performed in parallel with gold standard systems demonstrate high fidelity in quantifying stress responses during polygraph interviews, cognitive load tasks, and cold pressor tests. In pediatric sleep studies, the data reliably identify arousals, hypopnea, and apnea while revealing disease-specific autonomic signatures in infants with Down syndrome. Real-world deployment during emergency simulation training shows that multimodal stress signatures correlate inversely with performance, underscoring translational value in medical education. Machine learning analyses across all studies confirm that multimodal features outperform single-signal approaches in detecting stress and clinical events with high sensitivity and specificity. Collectively, these findings establish the technology as a next-generation wearable platform that bridges engineering innovation and clinical practice, offering mechanistic insight and diagnostic potential in stress medicine, sleep medicine, and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed3162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:00:56Z","timestamp":1778695256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Wireless, skin-interfaced multimodal sensing system for continuous psychophysiological monitoring\u2014A wearable polygraph device"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1212-3537","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sun Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1137-5273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tae Wan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2109-3413","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-927X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seonggwang","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Glocal Leaders, Glocal Honors College, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-7730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khaytin","family":"Ilya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Autonomic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-4018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacie R.","family":"McHaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-162X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jana","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8092-4681","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anisha","family":"Kshetrapal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-8033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Procter &amp; Gamble, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-3570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1536-1488","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada."},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3056-1250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan-Kai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4402-6881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jihun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-1054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hak-Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4486-7725","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min-Seung","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-5178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacob","family":"Trueb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1754-2602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yei Hwan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-1117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-8628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Min","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6061-220X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debra E.","family":"Weese-Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Autonomic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-4718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Young","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3830-5980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John A.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Sousedikova M. Adamek M. Hromada in 2022 26th International Conference on Circuits Systems Communications and Computers (CSCC) (IEEE 2022) pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCC55931.2022.00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. R. Pandi-Perumal D. W. Spence A. S. BaHammam \u201cPolysomnography: An overview \u201d in Primary Care Sleep Medicine: A Practical Guide (Springer 2014) pp. 29\u201342.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1185-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07383-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg3092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0792-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw9024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado5366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02637-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhl.2022.100283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150923653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2015.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-01116-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201802083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744006.2015.1060080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Lima D. F. de Noronha Os\u00f3rio H. Gamboa \u201cHeart rate variability and electrodermal activity in mental stress aloud: Predicting the outcome \u201d in Proc. 12th Int. Joint Conf. Biomed. Eng. Syst. Technol. (SciTePress 2019) pp. 42\u201351.","DOI":"10.5220\/0007355200420051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25082343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.102823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00206.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8146809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00430.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Obrist Cardiovascular Psychophysiology: A Perspective (Plenum Press 1981).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8491-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"633","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic mechanisms in cardiovascular responses to stress","volume":"27","author":"Sherwood A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"A. Sherwood, K. G. Allen, Beta-adrenergic mechanisms in cardiovascular responses to stress. Psychophysiology 27, 633\u2013647 (1990).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.959330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34406-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg9671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-058771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.8.1006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00701.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"233121651880086","article-title":"Best practices and advice for using pupillometry to measure listening effort: An introduction for those who want to get started","volume":"22","author":"Winn M. B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. B. Winn, D. Wendt, T. Koelewijn, S. E. Kuchinsky, Best practices and advice for using pupillometry to measure listening effort: An introduction for those who want to get started. Trends Hear. 22, 2331216518800869 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Hear."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2021.105010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14604"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aem0112","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000}}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed3162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:58:56Z","timestamp":1789754336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed3162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aed3162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed3162","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1126\/science.aei8934","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaed3162"}}