{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T18:39:41Z","timestamp":1792780781377,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"43","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS2241417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS2241417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99EY034891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99EY034891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY019466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY019466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY027841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY027841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY031705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY031705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00EY034891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00EY034891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Categorization is crucial for survival, helping animals forage, navigate, and avoid predators\u2014all tasks involving movement. Yet, dominant theories of category learning treat it as a purely cognitive or perceptual process. Here, we challenge this view by demonstrating that physical movement can enhance category learning\u2014but selectively. Using immersive virtual reality, we found that performing large actions, such as swinging a lightsaber, substantially improved learning of categories requiring integration of multiple cues (e.g., distinguishing aggressive from noncancerous lesions), while having minimal impact on categories involving independent evaluation of features (e.g., sorting by color and shape). This selective enhancement reveals a previously unrecognized motor contribution to categorization and may explain why prior studies missed it, opening avenues for optimizing training in critical categorization tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed4003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:58:42Z","timestamp":1792778322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Learning by moving: Physical motion accelerates category learning"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8979-6284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luke","family":"Rosedahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA."},{"name":"I-SENSE, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA."},{"name":"Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0061-0250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuka","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4562-5376","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takeo","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.115.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.3.207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90017-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.7.6.418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00862.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797619859361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00336-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs6020012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. G. Ashby V. V. Valentin \u201cMultiple systems of perceptual category learning\u201d in Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science (Elsevier 2017) pp. 157\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-101107-2.00007-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/19.6.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0001000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0827-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1279-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-10046-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1407-19.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"M. Wood M. Fry M. Blair The price is right: A high information access cost facilitates category learning in Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Sciences Society (Portland OR 2010) pp. 236\u2013241."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-019-00988-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.29.4.650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0370-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-024-00292-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00864-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2915-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-016-0004-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Ecological meanings: A consensus paper on individual differences and contextual influences in embodied language","volume":"6","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"A. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, K. K\u00fchne, A. Miklashevsky, E. Monaco, E. Muraki, M. Ranzini, L. J. Speed, C. Tuena, Ecological meanings: A consensus paper on individual differences and contextual influences in embodied language. J. Cogn. 6, 59 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cogn."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Two challenges to \u201cEmbodied Cognition\u201d research and how to overcome them","volume":"4","author":"Zwaan R. A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"R. A. Zwaan, Two challenges to \u201cEmbodied Cognition\u201d research and how to overcome them. J. Cogn. 4, 14 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cogn."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-017-0053-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S15433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.03.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Ward E. Touchet E. Marfeo N. Ward \u201cMobility and cognitive decline in older adults with cognitive impairment\u201d in The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging (Cambridge Univ. Press 2020) pp. 701\u2013716.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108552684.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2153-3539.123991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"L. Rosedahl Learning by moving: Physical motion accelerates category learning OSF (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/ZF4P3."}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed4003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:59:34Z","timestamp":1792778374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed4003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aed4003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aed4003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaed4003"}}