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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The 2022 Hunga volcano eruption generated one of the largest and most destructive volcanic tsunamis ever recorded. We interpret the timing, nature and relative hazard of volcanic-tsunamigenic processes by combining geophysical, oceanographic, atmospheric, and eye-witness observations of this event. Hydro-acoustic signal (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    waves) detected on seismic stations up to 2600 km away provided a key to discerning tsunami triggers from explosions, volcanic mass flows, and caldera subsidence. The largest tsunami was generated by the first of at least two sudden caldera-subsidence events. This occurred 1 hour after globally detected explosions that produced smaller tsunami. Our results provide rare insights into the rates of caldera subsidence and highlight the complex multiple sources of tsunamis resulting from eruptions of oceanic volcanoes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed4934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1788371966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delayed submarine caldera subsidence creates extreme tsunami hazard"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7499-603X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shane J.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-4534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bastian","family":"Steinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-3890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose C.","family":"Borrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2531, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0532-6204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emile A.","family":"Okal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6211-7007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Rib\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-6257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2970-711X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James D. 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