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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide and must overcome intestinal innate immunity, including antimicrobial peptide LL-37. However, how\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    responds to LL-37 remains unclear. Here, we showed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection stimulates intestinal epithelial cells to secrete LL-37, exhibiting effective antibacterial activity against 86.3% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical isolates by disrupting essential processes required for bacterial survival. A subset of isolates displays intrinsic resistance, enabling successful intestinal colonization. We further identified conserved serine protease HtrA as the key determinant of resistance. Mechanistically, LL-37 exposure activates transcriptional regulator NssR, which up-regulates\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">htrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Secreted HtrA cleaves LL-37 at Ile\n                    <jats:sup>20<\/jats:sup>\n                    -Val\n                    <jats:sup>21<\/jats:sup>\n                    site, abolishing its antimicrobial activity and promoting bacterial survival. In light of this mechanism, we developed a noncleavable LL-37\n                    <jats:sup>I20M\/V21R<\/jats:sup>\n                    that displays enhanced antibacterial activity and promotes bacterial clearance in mice. Together, our findings uncover mechanistic insights into interactions between human enteric pathogens and antimicrobial peptides and provide a potential strategy for combating\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee1996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:00:40Z","timestamp":1779300040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serine protease HtrA promotes\n                    <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n                    intestinal colonization through degrading antimicrobial peptide LL-37"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2925-4752","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, 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