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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The hydroxyl (OH) radical is a key species in stratospheric chemistry, driving ozone loss and the coupling of other chemical families. However, global OH observations are very sparse, with a critical gap in satellite-based observations since 2009. Although alternative chemical methods attempt to mitigate such gaps, they have limitations. Here, we present DRCAT, a chemistry-informed deep learning network to predict stratospheric OH profiles using coincident satellite observations of chemically related species. Trained on only 2 years of data, DRCAT provides reconstruction of a continuous and reliable global stratospheric OH dataset from late 2004 to the present. Results show that DRCAT outperforms both a chemical transport model and an observation-constrained steady-state approximation. Moreover, DRCAT successfully predicts anomalous OH enhancements after the 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption, showing generalizability to extreme conditions outside of the training regime. DRCAT thus provides a robust pathway to fill OH observational voids. Beyond OH, this work offers a scalable framework for similar reconstruction of other key short-lived species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee2319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:00:55Z","timestamp":1783533655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A chemistry-informed deep learning network for mitigating the stratospheric OH data gap"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-1980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Science Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."},{"name":"School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-9451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Science Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9907-9120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wuhu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-5383","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandip S.","family":"Dhomse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-9095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis","family":"Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-4149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martyn P.","family":"Chipperfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GL017i011p01905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL03098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6826(01)00030-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD00064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96GL01811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.862667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.873771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL025964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD008775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD009883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/305690a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-1177(84)90272-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-15-6341-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-6319-2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08897-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09005-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp0558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2008.2005605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"6000","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume":"30","author":"Vaswani A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. 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