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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Covering more than 40% of Earth\u2019s vegetated surface, grasslands critically regulate terrestrial carbon and water cycles. Their ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE\n                    <jats:sub>eco<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), the ratio of carbon uptake to water loss, governs drought resilience in these water-limited ecosystems. While global terrestrial wind speed declined substantially from the 1960s to 2000s followed by a recovery in the subsequent decade, the extent and mechanisms of its influence on grassland WUE\n                    <jats:sub>eco<\/jats:sub>\n                    remain poorly understood. Using site observations, satellite data, Earth system models, and wind manipulation experiments, we found a consistent negative sensitivity of grassland WUE\n                    <jats:sub>eco<\/jats:sub>\n                    to wind speed. Mechanistically, declining winds reduce evaporative water loss, improve soil moisture, and promote stomatal opening, thereby enhancing carbon uptake. Wind speed changes accounted for 7.7 to 25.7% of WUE\n                    <jats:sub>eco<\/jats:sub>\n                    increases under historical and future climates, making wind the second most important climatic driver after atmospheric carbon dioxide. Since Earth system models underestimate observed wind speed declines, future WUE\n                    <jats:sub>eco<\/jats:sub>\n                    increases and drought resilience may exceed current projections for global grassland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee4995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:00:56Z","timestamp":1778695256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wind stilling shapes grassland water use efficiency by enhancing soil moisture retention"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-9167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haohao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-1323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Congsheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China."},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; 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