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However, for everyday treatment, a light source system that maintains visibility while delivering effective stimulation is essential for patient comfort and practicality. To address this need, we developed organic light-emitting diode (OLED) glasses with optimized large-area transparent OLEDs for gamma wave entrainment. The optimization involved all layers of the device, including encapsulation, to achieve high luminous transmittance (75%), uniformity (over 90%), and electrical performance, ensuring suitability for wearable applications. Under real-world conditions (see-through visibility and ambient light present), the transparent OLED glasses successfully induced gamma rhythm entrainment, enhancing brain connectivity between the occipital and frontal regions. They also notably reduced visual discomfort and showed a trend of enhanced connectivity compared to nontransparent OLEDs. These results highlight the potential of this noninvasive wearable technology for early cognitive intervention, providing comfortable therapeutic light stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee5504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1786730321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wearable transparent OLED glasses for cognitive stimulation: Enhancing brain connectivity through gamma entrainment"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-6794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyeonwook","family":"Chae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0978-8065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yeseung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9778-3145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yejung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1532-6807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Euisuk","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-3858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ki Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea."},{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Suwon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1887-6118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seunghyup","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aas9530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Flexible hybrid electronics for digital healthcare","volume":"32","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. 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