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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    can cause serious infections, yet it can also reside on the skin without causing disease. This apparent paradox implies a strong host defense system, which prevents\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from invading the dermis. In this study, we investigate how the skin detects and responds to superficial\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure. Using unbiased transcriptomic, biochemical, and phosphoproteomic analyses, followed by targeted validation in human and mouse models, we found that fibroblast recognition of interleukin-1 is essential for immune response. Deletion or blockade of the interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) in fibroblasts in vitro abolished keratinocyte-driven changes in gene expression and reduced chemokine production. Furthermore, the skin of mice lacking fibroblast IL-1R1 had fewer neutrophils and higher bacterial load after topical\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    application. These findings show that fibroblasts actively participate in innate immunity and highlight an IL-1R1\u2013dependent keratinocyte-fibroblast-neutrophil axis of communication. Understanding this pathway provides insights into mechanisms that initiate neutrophil recruitment to the skin and may help develop new approaches to therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee5871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T18:01:07Z","timestamp":1786557667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fibroblasts resist\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    on the skin surface by responding to interleukin-1 and recruiting neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6672-414X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jared S.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, 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