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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In most cells,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Malat1<\/jats:italic>\n                    long noncoding RNA localizes to the nucleus where it affects splicing and chromatin function. In mouse neurons,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Malat1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is exported to the cytoplasm where it is translated to generate the M1 micropeptide. Here, we characterize an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) required for M1 translation that is sufficient to induce cap-independent expression of a downstream open reading frame. In vivo chemical probing and structural modeling defined a three-stem-loop RNA secondary structure that encompasses the active IRES segment and coincides with a mouse B1 SINE (short interspersed element) repetitive element. In affinity purification experiments, a minimal IRES\/B1 RNA selectively bound ribosomal subunits, translation factors, and the known IRES cofactors Rack1 and hnRNP A2\/B1. Depletion of Rack1 and hnRNP A2\/B1 inhibited IRES-dependent translation of the reporter and expression of the endogenous M1 peptide. Our study identifies an unexpected functional unit hidden within a widely studied long noncoding RNA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee5884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:59:24Z","timestamp":1792000764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A B1 SINE element within the mouse\n                    <i>Malat1<\/i>\n                    long noncoding RNA acts as an internal ribosome entry site mediating micropeptide translation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6559-3036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-3298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tanja","family":"Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8375-8436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zion","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-5504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vijaya","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4593-5589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-901X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Wohlschlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9045-8872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna Marie","family":"Pyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA."},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-8187","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."},{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."},{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02175-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01047-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.351557.124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq7289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1518628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"MALAT1 long non-coding RNA: Functional implications","volume":"6","author":"Arun G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"G. 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