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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant intracellular immune receptors are widely deployed in breeding to protect crops from disease. In addition to nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), tandem kinase proteins (TKPs) have recently emerged as an important family of immune receptors within staple cereal food crops, but how TKPs recognize effectors and whether they are amenable to engineering is essentially unknown. Here, we show that the barley and wheat TKPs Rmo2 and Rwt7 recognize different blast fungus effectors via their integrated HMA domains using different protein interfaces with nanomolar binding affinity. Structural analysis pinpointed interface residues that dictate effector recognition and enabled engineering of dual-specificity TKPs. These results establish integrated HMA domains as programmable modules within TKPs for designing new specificities in plant immunity for diseases relevant to global agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aef2426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:59:49Z","timestamp":1790186389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering plant tandem kinase immune receptors expands effector recognition profiles"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-7989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, 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Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Daykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1177-4919","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4534-9533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iwan","family":"Goodridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-9062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soichiro","family":"Asuke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8921-3835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Banfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, 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Saado H. J. Brabham J. W. Bennett A. H. C. Lam I. Hern\u00e1ndez-Pinz\u00f3n M. J. Moscou J. C. De la Concepcion M. J. Banfield Engineering an Exo70 integrated domain of a barley NLR for improved blast resistance. bioRxiv 2024.12.24.630226 [Preprint] (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.12.24.630226.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.24.630226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2402872121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Seong W. Wei S. C. Sent B. Vega A. Dee G. Ramirez-Bernardino R. Kumar L. Parra I. M. Saur K. 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Ronald Directed evolution of a plant immune receptor for broad spectrum effector recognition. bioRxiv 2024.09.30.614878 [Preprint] (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.09.30.614878.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.30.614878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2023.102380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. R. Bentham M. Youles M. N. Mendel F. A. Varden J. C. D. l. Concepcion M. J. 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