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These findings suggest that the US death investigation system undercounted COVID-19 deaths unevenly, hiding the true extent of inequities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aef5697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:59:43Z","timestamp":1773856783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Applying machine learning to identify unrecognized COVID-19 deaths recorded as other causes of death in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9198-150X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathew V.","family":"Kiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-9638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zehang Richard","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3489-4279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Wrigley-Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-4081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafeya V.","family":"Raquib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1494-4443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dielle J.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-6460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eugenio","family":"Paglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck \u2013 University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Finland."},{"name":"Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-7992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8962-0622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Bibbins-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9644-3081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. 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