{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T18:10:45Z","timestamp":1788977445660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"37","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2225017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2225017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004853","name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010428","name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ITS\/317\/23FP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITS\/317\/23FP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["R4015-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R4015-21"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["C4038-24G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C4038-24G"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["N_CUHK472\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N_CUHK472\/24"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["GRF 14209024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF 14209024"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["GRF 14205823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF 14205823"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["GRF 14301122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF 14301122"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["GRF 14300621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF 14300621"]}]},{"name":"The Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality","award":["JCYJ20241202125402004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20241202125402004"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["RFS2122-4S03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFS2122-4S03"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National key R&D program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFB4705600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB4705600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Strategic Topics Grant","award":["STG1\/ E-401\/23-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STG1\/ E-401\/23-N"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Topics project STG1","award":["CUHK472\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUHK472\/24"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["GRF 14203123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF 14203123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Iontronic pressure sensors featuring high sensitivity are promising across different emerging fields. In applications requiring high-fidelity sensing such as surgeries, reliable pressure monitoring necessitates sensitivity and stability at the same time to ensure safety. However, existing iontronic sensors often face a trade-off between them\u2014soft ionic materials with high conductivity often present pronounced viscoelasticity, resulting in a low sensitivity\u2013to\u2013drift-rate (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S\/D<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) ratio. Here, we report a polyelectrolyte-based iontronic pressure sensor that achieves a nearly one order-of-magnitude improvement in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S\/D<\/jats:italic>\n                    ratio over state-of-the-art designs using a polarity-balance strategy in the polyelectrolyte to simultaneously regulate ionic conductivity and viscoelasticity. The resulting sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (119.5 per kilopascal) and exceptional stability (drift rate\u00a0&lt;\u00a01%) under prolonged pressures up to 450 kilopascals, enabling nearly drift-free pressure detection for high-precision surgical operations in both surgeon-operated and robotic-assisted procedures. This work provides an extensible material design strategy to enhance sensitivity while suppressing signal drift in soft pressure sensors, with broad relevance to robotics, medical devices, and wearables.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aef6473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:58:47Z","timestamp":1788976727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A highly sensitive and drift-free iontronic sensor enabled by a polarity-balanced polyelectrolyte for surgical force sensing"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0602-8943","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-6884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8825-8011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chengfeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China."},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China."},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-6139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2574-7409","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenzhou","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9422-7533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qianli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7096-7223","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8183-5955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junnan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4744-9262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huihui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-0089","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kai Fung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-3117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuan Fei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1152-8962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00870G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40583-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01848-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c10535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42722-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202406235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01628-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53836-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6172-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X14525035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0350-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.11.1215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-9153-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000084","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsit-2021-000084","article-title":"Tissue stress from laparoscopic grasper use and bowel injury in humans: Establishing intraoperative force boundaries","volume":"3","author":"Khan A. F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. F. Khan, M. K. MacDonald, C. Streutker, C. Rowsell, J. Drake, T. Grantcharov, Tissue stress from laparoscopic grasper use and bowel injury in humans: Establishing intraoperative force boundaries. BMJ Surg. Interv. Health Technol. 3, e000084 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Surg. Interv. Health Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14054-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50797-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3093(90)90260-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b02742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01693-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c00587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.8b00594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42361-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29093-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu6086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38274-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202519009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq8866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130902912803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c00493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b10477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja972312g"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma702815k"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202418032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja101991d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31095-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2226"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aef6473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:59:09Z","timestamp":1788976749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aef6473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aef6473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aef6473","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaef6473"}}