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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Expansins and lectins facilitate microbial colonization, but their collaborative mechanisms across different colonization stages remain unclear, and fungal root attachment via these proteins requires further exploration. This study proposes a fungal early colonization hypothesis:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichoderma harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    uses the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWO-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    FFSL complex to promote hyphal attachment to rice roots. The results show that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWO loosens rice cell wall cellulose and forms biomolecular condensates via its intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and extensive O-glycosylation. These condensates specifically recruit the fungal fucose-binding lectin\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    FFSL through fucose residues, and both colocalize in root surface cell wall crevices. After localization,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    FFSL guides hyphal growth and enhances adhesion, promoting fungal attachment within the crevices. Postattachment,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    secretes an O-glycosidase to deglycosylate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWO, dissociating the complex and mitigating root cell wall damage. Colonization assays confirm that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWO-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Th<\/jats:italic>\n                    FFSL synergy is crucial for efficient colonization. This study reveals an early attachment phase in fungal colonization driven by protein condensates and glycosylation modifications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aef7536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:58:31Z","timestamp":1787939911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["O-Glycosylated expansin\n                    <i>Th<\/i>\n                    SWO condensates drive\n                    <i>Trichoderma harzianum<\/i>\n                    attachment to rice root during the colonization process"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-9219","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China."},{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoteng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China."},{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Manufacturing, Xianghu Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuokai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste 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