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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ethylene receptors are ER membrane histidine kinases that repress ethylene responses, and the central transducer ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) docks to receptors through its C-terminal tail. Here we express full-length\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ETR1 in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pichia pastoris<\/jats:italic>\n                    and show that ethylene selectively suppresses the autokinase activity of the dimer, establishing a ligand-responsive receptor preparation. Bio-layer interferometry shows that EIN2-C binds both full-length ETR1 and an isolated transmembrane\u2013GAF module with low-micromolar affinity. NMR mapping of EIN2-C titrated with ETR1-GAF identifies three discrete docking segments, including the known NOP-1 octapeptide and two additional peptides (DP1 and DP2). Synthetic peptides engage ETR1-GAF with distinct kinetics and affinities, and docking models place DP2 in a hydrophobic pocket at the GAF dimer interface. When applied as surface coatings to tomato and mango, these peptides delay ripening in proportion to binding strength. Multi-site competitive inhibition at the EIN2\u2013ETR1 interface thus provides a tunable strategy to modulate ethylene signaling and extend climacteric fruit shelf life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aef8713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1786730321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethylene-regulated dimeric ETR1 kinase reveals multi-site EIN2 docking targeted by peptides that delay climacteric ripening"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-0630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhendong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, 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