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However, limited by its size and capacity, the battery component becomes a major roadblock to further advancing LIP technology toward lifelong, maintenance-free implants without the need for device retrieval or replacement. Here, we present an integrated, nanogenerator-powered LIP with a clinically compatible architecture. The LIP is solely powered by a double-oscillatory triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that is capable of generating a volumetric power density of 276.6 \u03bcW cc\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    driven by heartbeats. The miniaturized TENG can also fit within the battery compartment of a commercial Medtronic Micra LIP, allowing standard femoral-venous delivery by commercial catheters. When implanted in the heart of a swine model, the device delivers stable, rate-responsive electrical energy in vivo, which reliably supports the cardiac pacing function for heart rates control at physiological levels through harvested energy. Long-term intracardiac implantation further confirmed secure fixation, unaffected cardiac function and minimal tissue reaction of the fully integrated device. This development suggests a clinically compatible path toward self-sustainable intracardiac electronic systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aef8903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1787162366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-sustaining leadless intracardiac pacemaker powered by triboelectric nanogenerator"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-3200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, 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and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5008-6619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengdan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0824-2373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Kyeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-4225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youyi","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of 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USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-6792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xudong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03150.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Pacemaker Devices Market Size Share Growth and Industry Analysis 2026\u20132035 (Market Reports World 2025); www.marketreportsworld.com\/market-reports\/pacemaker-devices-market-14714754."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers (BlueCross BlueShield of North 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M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"F. M. Kusumoto, M. H. Schoenfeld, C. Barrett, J. R. Edgerton, K. A. Ellenbogen, M. R. Gold, N. F. Goldschlager, R. M. Hamilton, J. A. Joglar, R. J. Kim, R. Lee, J. E. Marine, C. J. McLeod, K. R. Oken, K. K. Patton, C. N. Pellegrini, K. A. Selzman, A. Thompson, P. D. Varosy, 2018 ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. 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