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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The key challenge of implementing aqueous manganese (Mn) metal batteries is severe water-related parasitic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction and Mn corrosion. These issues originate largely from the high reactivity of solvated water around manganese ions (Mn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Herein, we design a hydrogel electrolyte that reconstitutes the Mn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    solvation structure and establishes a hydration-regulated ion-migration environment. The incorporated 18-crown-6 macrocycles on polymer chains bind strongly to Mn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , reducing its hydration number from 5.51 to 1.39 and forming a water-repelling, polymer-guided conduction pathway. Dynamic measurements demonstrate uniform Mn deposition and suppressed detrimental gas evolution. Consequently, Mn plating\/stripping in this hydrogel becomes highly reversible, achieving an average Coulombic efficiency of 95% over 350 cycles (Mn||Cu cells) and low polarization of \u223c24 millivolts for over 1800 hours (Mn||Mn cells). Moreover, pouch cells paired with a silver vanadium oxide (AgVO) cathode (N\/P ratio of 4.63) retain 95.3% of the initial capacities after 200 cycles. This work demonstrates an effective solvation-regulation strategy via hydrogel design for durable Mn anodes in aqueous batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeg1770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:58:53Z","timestamp":1790359133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-duration aqueous manganese metal anode by hydrogel solvation regulation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4894-1073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongbao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3699-3708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China."},{"name":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, P. 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