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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fish show exceptional diversity in sex-determination mechanisms, making them a powerful system for studying how these pathways evolve. However, no definitive master sex-determining gene has yet been identified in Cyprinidae, a widely distributed and species-rich fish family. Here, we identified a male-specific gene in common carp encoding Pangu, a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain peptide localized to Sertoli cells. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pangu<\/jats:italic>\n                    is both necessary and sufficient for male sex determination. Expression and reporter assays indicate that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pangu<\/jats:italic>\n                    represses\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a key regulator of ovarian differentiation, and disruption of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    restores testicular development in the feminized phenotype of XY\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pangu<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants. These findings establish\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pangu<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the master sex-determining gene in common carp and link an HLH domain peptide to sex differentiation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeg3698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:06:59Z","timestamp":1791569219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A helix-loop-helix gene orchestrates male fate in common carp"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1822-5535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kuangxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China."},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1468-3925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China."},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-7913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China."},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2424-9932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China."},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of 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