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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interkingdom competition between bacteria and fungi in nutrient-limited environments drives microbial community dynamics, yet the molecular mechanisms enabling bacterial dominance during bacterial-fungal interaction remain poorly characterized. This study reveals a paradigm-shifting role for bacterial type IV secretion system (T4SS) by demonstrating that a specialized bacterial-killing T4SS (T4SS\n                    <jats:sub>BK<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lysobacter enzymogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    serves as a universal cross-kingdom antifungal weapon. Combining genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatical approaches, we show that T4SS\n                    <jats:sub>BK<\/jats:sub>\n                    mediates direct contact-dependent suppression of phylogenetically diverse fungi\u2014including unicellular yeasts and filamentous species\u2014through delivery of a conserved deoxyribonuclease effector, LtdD. Structural characterization reveals that LtdD homologs are evolutionarily conserved across T4SS\n                    <jats:sub>BK<\/jats:sub>\n                    -harboring bacterial lineages, suggesting widespread ecological deployment of this antifungal strategy. These findings overturn the classical dogma of T4SS\n                    <jats:sub>BK<\/jats:sub>\n                    as an antibacterial apparatus and establish it as a multifunctional microbial combat system capable of trans-kingdom interference. By elucidating a DNA-targeting mechanism of fungal growth inhibition, our work not only redefines the ecological role of T4SS\n                    <jats:sub>BK<\/jats:sub>\n                    in microbial warfare but also provides a molecular blueprint for engineering DNA-based antifungal therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeg3743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:59:49Z","timestamp":1790186389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A bacterial-killing type IV secretion system as a hidden antifungal device"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1908-051X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Long","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases 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