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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Molecular monolayers at fluid interfaces are generally considered mechanically fragile, collapsing under lateral compression. Here we show that a rationally designed amphiphilic \u03c0-conjugated molecule instead forms a monolayer that adapts to mechanical stress. Langmuir films of 3-hydroxyphenyl-7-decyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ][1]benzothiophene (HP-BTBT-C10) accommodate and store compressive stress without collapse. In situ optical imaging reveals that lateral compression converts into reversible out-of-plane deformation via anisotropic molecular reorganization, producing ordered wrinkles. Electron diffractometry and high-resolution electron microscopy show localized multilayer folding while retaining local molecular packing. Intermolecular interaction calculations suggest that hydroxy substitution helps stabilize both the Langmuir monolayer on water and folded multilayer wrinkles, while preserving the strong layer-forming tendency of alkyl-substituted extended \u03c0-core molecules. Dynamic measurements based on barrier-oscillation experiments further demonstrate repeatable viscoelastic stress responses mediated by sequential folding and wrinkle reversibility, establishing mechanically adaptive molecular monolayers that bridge conventional Langmuir films and biologically inspired membranes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeg8906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:58:47Z","timestamp":1788976727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-stretching molecular monolayers with autonomous folding and mechanical adaptation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0211-8264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taichi","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-1594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoru","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan."},{"name":"Innovation Center for Organic Electronics (INOEL), Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-0119, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-6502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Nikaido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-0300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seiji","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8295-8794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saori","family":"Maki-Yonekura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0876-7700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tasuku","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5520-4391","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koji","family":"Yonekura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan."},{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5187-7433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. 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