{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:58:46Z","timestamp":1792609126213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"31","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007567","name":"City University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9220172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9220172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007567","name":"City University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9220173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9220173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007567","name":"City University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9220174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9220174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2525024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2525024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["RFS2324-1S03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFS2324-1S03"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["R1017-24F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R1017-24F"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["11211425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11211425"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["11211523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11211523"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["11213721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11213721"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["C7005-23Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7005-23Y"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["T42-513\/24-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T42-513\/24-R"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering","award":["InnoHK Project 2.2\u2013AI-based 3D ultrasound imaging algorithm"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InnoHK Project 2.2\u2013AI-based 3D ultrasound imaging algorithm"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"\n Conservative treatment of scoliosis relies on physiotherapy and bracing, yet both approaches lack tools for quantitative, real-time monitoring of corrective forces. Here, we introduce a hemispherical latitude-gradient (HS-LG) sensor as a previously unknown sensing paradigm for soft, curved-body interfaces, using scoliosis as a clinical exemplar. Leveraging a nonzero Gaussian curvature (\n \n \n \n \n K<\/mml:mi>\n G<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:msub>\n \u2260<\/mml:mo>\n 0<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) geometry, the device acts as a spatiotemporal mechanical filter, converting normal pressure into in-plane tensile forces to overcome shear and stress artifacts limiting conventional sensors. Integrated into a wireless platform, the HS-LG sensor enables immediate visualization of spatiotemporal pressure dynamics during therapy. In physiotherapy, bilateral deployment established the first quantitative, closed-loop Schroth regimen. Real-time visual feedback amplified targeted asymmetric breathing by \u223c40% and decoupled nontargeted regional effort, transforming subjective instruction into data-driven neuromuscular internalization. In bracing, embedded sensors mapped pressures during daily activities, uncovering highly dynamic, posture-specific force redistributions, including transient pressure gradient reversals during ambulation, that challenge conventional static orthotic paradigms. Furthermore, age (\n \n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.738<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) and body mass index (BMI;\n \n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.733<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) emerged as strong predictors of daily wear compliance in the lumbar cohort, while BMI consistently drove interfacial mechanical loading across both spinal regions (lumbar\n \n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.61<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ; thoracic\n \n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.77<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ). Together, these results establish the HS-LG sensor design as a versatile, patient-ready platform that links geometry-driven sensing design to personalized, data-informed scoliosis management, while broadly advancing the development of wearable mechanosensing technologies for soft, curved biological surfaces.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeh1421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:58:34Z","timestamp":1785520714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A hemispherical latitude-gradient sensor for closed-loop monitoring and management of scoliosis correction"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2658-904X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hehua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-5410","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2660-5460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinxin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0707-3280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-8980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2310-0058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weibin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-1363","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Photonic-Electronic Integration and Communication-Sensing Convergence, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6998-3872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shengxin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-8892","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kuanming","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-1934","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0522-1171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinge","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China."},{"name":"Institute of Digital Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-7-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.03.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1922521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-230102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200009150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-6-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-015-0048-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14051735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.23.07654-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v77i2.1573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"CD006850","article-title":"Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents","volume":"2015","author":"Negrini S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. Negrini, S. Minozzi, J. Bettany-Saltikov, N. Chockalingam, T. B. Grivas, T. Kotwicki, T. Maruyama, M. Romano, F. Zaina, Cochrane Back and Neck Group, Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015, CD006850 (2015).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00194-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2501220122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c04291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan4950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0286-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-018-0031-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38274-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14054-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade0086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp8804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu1598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady2661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58390-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2016.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25324-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu3146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk5556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-010-0575-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp6094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00413B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07161-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2024.114288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-025-05979-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Mitchell S. Coyle N. E. O\u2019Connor D. Diamond T. Ward in 2010 International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (IEEE; 2010) pp. 56\u201361.","DOI":"10.1109\/BSN.2010.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.2.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03421.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Frequent external-focus feedback enhances motor learning","volume":"1","author":"\u00c1vila L. T. G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"L. T. G. \u00c1vila, E. Schiller, S. Chiviacowsky, G. Wulf, Frequent external-focus feedback enhances motor learning. Front. Psychol. 1, 190 (2010).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi0357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf2709"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeh1421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:59:47Z","timestamp":1785520787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeh1421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aeh1421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeh1421","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaeh1421"}}