{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1792608125058,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"43","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019533","name":"Moderna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a health threat, particularly for infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Although neutralizing antibodies can help limit infection and viral replication, T cells are essential for reducing disease severity. Assessment of age-related declines in T cell function are important for vaccine evaluation. We used intracellular cytokine staining, activation-induced marker, and Meso Scale Discovery assays and single-cell multiomic profiling to evaluate RSV vaccine mRNA-1345 responses in younger and older adults. mRNA-1345 induced comparable CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses in both cohorts, with CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    responses persisting for 24 months. The CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    response was strongly T helper 1 (T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    1)\u2013polarized, with increased interferon-\u03b3, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 and minimal T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    2 cytokines. Both CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells showed increased polyfunctionality that remained elevated at 2 years. Single-cell and T cell receptor repertoire analyses showed similar Pre-F\u2013specific phenotypes, transcriptional profiles, and clonal overlap across age groups, supporting robust, durable cellular immunity after mRNA-1345 vaccination. These findings indicate shared vaccine-elicited T cell immunity in adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeh4436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:01:42Z","timestamp":1792605702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The mRNA-based RSV vaccine mRNA-1345 induces robust and durable CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cell responses against RSV in younger and older adults"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-8351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony","family":"DiPiazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 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