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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ultrabright fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000\u20131700 nm) window are highly desirable for biomedical and optoelectronic applications but remain rare, because fluorescence brightness requires the simultaneous realization of a large absorption coefficient (\u03b5) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (\u03a6\n                    <jats:sub>PL<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), two parameters that are inherently difficult to balance. Here, we develop an ultrabright semiconducting polymer fluorophore (P1) via a simple noncovalent conformational locking strategy that enforces a rigid and planar backbone with small dihedral angles. This design extends \u03c0-conjugation to boost \u03b5 and \u03a6\n                    <jats:sub>PL<\/jats:sub>\n                    while effectively suppressing aggregation-caused quenching in P1 nanoparticles (P1 NPs). Compared to its unlocked analogue, P1 NPs exhibits a notable 360 nm redshift towards NIR-II emission, together with intensified \u03b5 and elevated \u03a6\n                    <jats:sub>PL<\/jats:sub>\n                    . These properties afford P1 NPs 10-fold enhancement in NIR-II brightness relative to reported polymer fluorophores, enabling high-resolution vascular imaging and precise inflammation localization. These findings represent a significant design advance in creating ultrabright fluorophores for bioimaging and optoelectronic applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeh5112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:02:56Z","timestamp":1789581776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrabright NIR-II fluorophores enabled by noncovalent conformational locking for in vivo inflammation imaging"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4900-6592","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts &amp; Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2830-7335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, 710072, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3130-5599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiyun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, 710072, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4797-6436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, 710072, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4071-0795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) &amp; 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