{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:26:29Z","timestamp":1792787189819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"41","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1190891, 1230713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1190891, 1230713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1241365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1241365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MILENIO-NCN2023_025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MILENIO-NCN2023_025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["2020\/14780-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/14780-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ddkpn78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The origin of the avian wishbone (furcula)\u2014present since theropod dinosaurs\u2014remains unsolved. Its homology is still debated, with competing hypotheses proposing derivation from the clavicles, the interclavicle, or both. To obtain comparative developmental evidence, we studied ossification and pre-ossification mesenchymal condensations in a broad sample of birds and non-avian reptiles. Relative positions of paired condensations and their ossification centers support homology between the lateral arms of the furcula and reptilian clavicles. However, in the palaeognathous bird\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nothoprocta perdicaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we observed a separate interclavicle-like medial condensation. It quickly fuses with the clavicular condensations but then develops its own ossification center. The phylogenetic distribution of this developmental pattern across reptiles and birds supports a composite origin of the furcula from clavicles and the interclavicle. Early fusion of condensations leads to seamless integration, which may explain why fossil evidence of this composite origin has remained elusive.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeh7555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:58:33Z","timestamp":1791395913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embryos resolve the enigmatic origin of the theropod wishbone"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7166-7077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Villal\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"Laboratorio de Evoluci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7084-8597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"Guajardo-Pezo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"Laboratorio de Evoluci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4218-3804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mackarenna","family":"Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Histopatolog\u00eda. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-1969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Smith-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Coll\u00e8ge de France, CNRS, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3873-2042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiana","family":"Kohlsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of S\u00e3o Paulo. Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre. Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-1118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joao F.","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Evoluci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"N\u00facleo Milenio Transiciones Evolutivas Tempranas de Mam\u00edferos, Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2009-7116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander O.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"N\u00facleo Milenio Transiciones Evolutivas Tempranas de Mam\u00edferos, Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"P. 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[Ontogeny of Iguana iguana (Linnaeus 1758): Embryonic stages and skeletal development.]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Klima Die Fr\u00fchentwicklung des Schulterg\u00fcrtels und des Brustbeins bei den Monotremen (Mammalia: Prototheria) (Springer 1973). 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