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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Phenylpropanoid metabolism is a crucial secondary metabolic pathway in plants. Numerous neofunctionalized and specialized enzymes emerged during plant terrestrialization, yielding metabolites contributing to environmental adaptation. Here, a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from tea plant (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Camellia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), CsCAD14, exhibited dual activity catalyzing monolignol and hydroxycinnamic acid biosynthesis. Antifungal assays showed that monolignols and hydroxycinnamic acids synergistically inhibited\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pestalotiopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth. Integrated functional characterizations revealed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CsCAD14<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced gray blight disease resistance by increasing monolignol and hydroxycinnamic acid levels compared to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CsCAD11<\/jats:italic>\n                    featured with single-enzymatic activity. Notably, genetic analysis of F\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    progeny from crossing susceptible and resistant tea cultivars identified a nonsynonymous mutation in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CsCAD14<\/jats:italic>\n                    coding region, which abolished dual-enzymatic activity and was associated with pathogen susceptibility. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis revealed a positively selected amino acid substitution (L192V) driving CAD functional diversification from single-enzymatic activity in algae to dual-enzymatic activity in land plants. These findings uncover neofunctionalization of dual-activity CADs evolved for phenylpropanoid defense to enhance fungal disease resistance during plant adaptation to terrestrial environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aei1647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:58:26Z","timestamp":1790791106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional diversification of CsCAD14 orchestrates synergistic phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to defend gray blight disease in tea plants"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4384-5913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization\/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and 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