{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:51:39Z","timestamp":1791571899328,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"41","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92579205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92579205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42373008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42373008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WK2080000189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK2080000189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chemical heterogeneities in Earth\u2019s deep mantle may record either preserved primordial reservoirs or later core-mantle exchange, but distinguishing between these origins remains challenging. Hydrogen isotopes offer a sensitive tracer, yet whether magma ocean crystallization could generate a deuterium-depleted deep reservoir has not been quantitatively evaluated. Here, we use machine learning\u2013accelerated path-integral simulations to determine equilibrium hydrogen isotope fractionation between silicate melt and bridgmanite, ringwoodite, and wadsleyite under magma ocean conditions. Incorporating these fractionation factors into a magma ocean crystallization model shows that mineral-melt fractionation is intrinsically weak, producing an essentially homogeneous D\/H distribution in the primitive mantle. Magma ocean crystallization therefore cannot generate the extremely low \u03b4D values observed in some ocean island basalts. Combined with exceptionally high\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    He\/\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    He ratios, these signatures more plausibly reflect selective transfer of primordial volatiles from Earth\u2019s core, implying sustained volatile exchange across the core-mantle boundary.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aei4756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:06:59Z","timestamp":1791569219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrogen isotopes reveal water leakage from the core"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6584-9724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-7475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."},{"name":"National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-6380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."},{"name":"National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7240-0295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bowen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."},{"name":"National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1148028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06590-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2019.115887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215903120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7185\/geochemlet.1917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2019.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01182-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31588-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2021.116873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10719-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr2917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(84)90392-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2013.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec5685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7185\/geochemlet.1901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx5883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2014.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4904293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2023.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2022-8680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2021-7929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JB030956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00269-009-0315-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2019.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(96)00113-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/am.2005.1751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/365506a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(96)00238-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0273(88)90007-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwz071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2008.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05823-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-021-01595-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01324-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2406386121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GC009985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2008.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09003-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JB028333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57120-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1746492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20525-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00838-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2020.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48500-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2023.104315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2022.117441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JB011397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2020.107206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0155600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1995.1039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.17953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08701-z"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.aei4756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:08:38Z","timestamp":1791569318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aei4756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.aei4756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aei4756","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eaei4756"}}