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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate decoding of movement intent from muscle signals is essential for dexterous prosthetic control. While motoneuron discharge decomposition provides a promising approach, most studies are confined to proof-of-concept demonstrations due to the lack of robust, dexterous control strategies, and the complexity of systems involved. Here, we present a motoneuron discharge\u2013driven interface that integrates wireless recording of high-density surface electromyography, real-time motoneuron spike train decomposition, continuous multi-degree-of-freedom (DoF) motion decoding in a prosthetic system, enabling simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control in real-world settings. We validated this system with six trans-radial amputees across a series of functional multi-DoF tasks. The proposed interface achieved accurate and robust control of three-DoF wrist and hand movements, outperforming conventional myoelectric methods in task efficiency. Furthermore, the interface requires only single-DoF calibration data, minimizing user training burden. This study represents the practical demonstration of motoneuron-driven interfacing in end-user applications, highlighting its translational potential for clinical adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aej0245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:58:34Z","timestamp":1785520714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A motoneuron discharge\u2013driven interface realizing simultaneous and proportional control of prosthetics in end-users"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-4364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. 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China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-652X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7778-4523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. 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